Summary about Disease
Uveal effusion syndrome (UES) is a rare condition characterized by the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the suprachoroidal space (between the choroid and the sclera) of the eye. This fluid buildup leads to choroidal detachment and serous retinal detachment, potentially causing vision loss. The syndrome is often bilateral (affecting both eyes) and can be chronic or recurrent. It is not fully understood, and its exact etiology remains debated.
Symptoms
Symptoms of UES can vary in severity, but commonly include:
Blurred vision
Decreased visual acuity
Peripheral vision loss
Floaters
Eye pain (less common)
Myopic shift (nearsightedness worsening)
Causes
The exact causes of UES are not entirely known. Several factors have been implicated, including:
Scleral abnormalities: Reduced scleral permeability, increased scleral thickness, or abnormal scleral collagen may hinder the outflow of fluid from the choroid.
Nanophthalmos: Eyes that are unusually small in size.
Vortex vein compression: Obstruction of the vortex veins (the main drainage channels of the choroid).
Inflammation: Inflammatory conditions affecting the uvea (the middle layer of the eye).
Idiopathic: In some cases, no underlying cause can be identified.
Medicine Used
Treatment for UES focuses on addressing the underlying cause, if identifiable, and reducing fluid accumulation. Common medical treatments include:
Corticosteroids: Oral or intravenous corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation.
Cycloplegic agents: Eye drops to dilate the pupil and relax the ciliary muscle (e.g., atropine).
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Medications like acetazolamide to reduce fluid production.
Immunosuppressants: In cases associated with inflammation or autoimmune diseases, immunosuppressant medications may be used.
Surgical Interventions: Sclerotomy to relieve pressure.
Is Communicable
No, Uveal Effusion Syndrome is not a communicable disease. It cannot be spread from person to person through any known means.
Precautions
Since the exact cause of UES is often unknown, there are no specific precautions to prevent its occurrence. However, if diagnosed, following the ophthalmologist's treatment plan diligently and attending all scheduled follow-up appointments are crucial. Early detection and management are key to minimizing vision loss.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of an episode of UES can vary significantly. It can be a chronic condition with ongoing fluid accumulation, or it can present as acute episodes that resolve with treatment. Without treatment, the condition can persist indefinitely. With appropriate management, symptoms may improve, but recurrence is possible.
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis of UES typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, including:
Visual acuity testing: To assess sharpness of vision.
Slit-lamp examination: To examine the anterior structures of the eye.
Intraocular pressure measurement: To rule out glaucoma.
Dilated fundus examination: To examine the retina, choroid, and optic nerve.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT): To visualize the retinal layers and choroidal detachments.
B-scan ultrasonography: To image the posterior segment of the eye and detect fluid collections.
Fluorescein angiography (FA): To assess retinal and choroidal circulation.
Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA): To further evaluate choroidal vasculature.
Systemic evaluation: Blood tests and imaging studies may be performed to rule out underlying systemic conditions.
Timeline of Symptoms
The onset of symptoms in UES can be gradual or sudden. The progression of symptoms varies from person to person. It could take weeks, months or years to see any type of symptoms.
Important Considerations
Early Diagnosis: Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent permanent vision loss.
Differential Diagnosis: UES can mimic other conditions, such as choroidal melanoma or retinal detachment. Careful evaluation is necessary to rule out other possibilities.
Multidisciplinary Approach: Management of UES may require a multidisciplinary approach, involving ophthalmologists, internists, and other specialists.
Long-term Follow-up: Regular follow-up appointments are necessary to monitor the condition and adjust treatment as needed.
Quality of Life: Vision loss associated with UES can significantly impact quality of life. Support groups and assistive devices may be helpful.